![]() ![]() Habu rated Bonanza's game at the level of 2 dan shoreikai. He contributed to the newspaper Nihon Keizai Shimbun evening edition on 26 March 2007 about the match between Bonanza and then Ryūō Champion Akira Watanabe. In 2007, top shogi player Yoshiharu Habu estimated the strength of the 2006 world computer shogi champion Bonanza. In the first decade of the 21st century, computer shogi has taken large steps forward in software and hardware technology. ![]() These programs had the level of an amateur of kyu rank. In the 1980s, due to the immaturity of the technology in such fields as programming, CPUs and memory, computer shogi programs took a long time to think, and often made moves for which there was no apparent justification. A tsumeshogi solver is used to quickly find mating moves. In chess, there are fewer pieces which leads to perfect play by endgame databases However, pieces can be dropped in shogi so there are no endgame databases. Finally, the "endgame" starts when the king is attacked and ends when the game is won. The problem is many positions are unstable because of the drop move. A program will stop searching when it reaches a stable position. The search is harder in shogi than in chess because of the larger number of possible moves. The "search algorithm" looks ahead more deeply in a sequence of moves and allows the program to better evaluate a move. Shogi professionals, however, do not always follow an opening sequence as in chess, but make different moves to create good formation of pieces. ![]() The "opening book" helps put the program in a good position and saves time. The primary components of a computer shogi program are the opening book, the search algorithm and the endgame. More information on the complexity of Chess can be found at Shannon number. The complexity of Go can be found at Go and mathematics. The number of legal positions and the number of possible games are 2 measures of shogi's game complexity. The higher numbers for shogi mean it is harder to reach the highest levels of play. This gives shogi the highest number of legal positions and the highest number of possible games of all the popular chess variants. The computer has more positions to examine because each piece in hand can be dropped on many squares. Therefore, shogi has a higher branching factor than other chess variants. Shogi has the distinctive feature of reusing captured pieces. The research and development of shogi software has been carried out mainly by freelance programmers, university research groups and private companies. ![]() Computer shogi is a field of artificial intelligence concerned with the creation of computer programs which can play shogi. ![]()
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